Monday, 18 April 2016

Corporate Governance by Listed and Unlisted Companies

Corporate Governance by Listed and Unlisted Companies

Meaning
Corporate Governance is the framework of rules and practices by which a board of directors ensures accountability, fairness, and transparency in a company's relationship with its all stakeholders. So to Clinch, Corporate governance includes the processes through which corporations' objectives are set and pursued in the context of the social, regulatory and market environment.

Who are Stakeholders?
-          Financiers
-          Customers
-          Management
-          Employees
-          Government
-          The Community
-          Creditors
-          Shareholders

In order to keep Company more transparent in front of all stakeholders, corporate governance is the technique by which companies are directed and managed. It means carrying the business keeping in mind the stakeholders' desires. It is actually conducted by the board of Directors and the concerned committees for the company's stakeholder's benefit.

Requirements under Companies Act 2013

Corporate Governance is most important for Listed Companies. To make listed companies more transparent and to align the provisions related to SEBI LODR 2015 with the Companies Act 2013, SEBI had come up with LODR 2015. Clause 49 in Listing Agreement is no longer present in Listing Agreement. It has been replaced by regulations in SEBI Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements 2015.
The objectives of the Clause 49 of Listing Agreement now read in Regulation 17 to 27 aligns with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, focuses on adopting best practices on corporate governance and aims at making the corporate governance framework more effective. The Provisions of Clause 49 of the erswhile Listing Agreement have been brought under Regulations 17 to 27 of SEBI LODR 2015

Key Takeaway:
SEBI LODR 2015 has come up with a new provision i.e. "Occassionally, the audit committee may meet without the presence of any executives of the listed entity"
Also, as per Reg 21(5) of SEBI LODR 2015, "Risk Management Committee would be applicable to top 100 listed entities which is determined on the basis of market capitalisation as at the end of the immediate previous FY."

Summary of the Companies act 2013 significant changes in the composition of the board of directors.
A.    Every Company is required to appoint 1 (one) Resident Director on its board.
B.     Nominee director shall no longer be treated as independent directors.
C.     Listed companies and Specified Classes of public companies are required to appoint independent directors and women directors on their boards.
D.    CA 2013 for the first time codifies the duties of the directors.
E.     SEBI amends the listing agreement (with prospective effect from October 01, 2014 to align it with CA 2013.
F. SEBI brought in new Regulations SEBI LODR 2015 w.e.f September 02, 2015 replacing various clauses including Clause 49 of erswhile Listing Agreement. Again these regulations were more or less same as given under Listing Agreement


I. BOARD COMPOSITION



Number of Directors

The composition of the board:
Differences;
Companies Act 1956
Companies Act 2013
·         Companies Act 1956 permitted a company to determine the maximum number of directors on its board by way of its articles of association. Companies Act 1956 required public companies to obtain Central Government's approval for increasing the number of its directors above the limit prescribed in its articles or if such increase would lead to the total number of directors on the board exceeding 12 (twelve) directors.

·         A company may have a maximum of 15 (fifteen) directors
Companies Act 2013 however, permits every company to appoint directors above the prescribed limit of 15 (fifteen) by authorizing such increase through a special resolution.
Important Point: Allowing companies to increase the maximum number of directors on their boards by way of a special resolution would ensure greater flexibility to companies.



Classes of directors

RESIDENT DIRECTOR: Resident Director is a new concept under Companies Act 2013.
Section 149 of Companies Act 2013 provides for the requirement of appointing a resident director, i.e., a person who has stayed in India for a total period of not less than 182 (one hundred and eighty two) days in the previous calendar year.

Important Point: The requirement to have a resident director on the board of companies has been viewed as a move to ensure that boards of Indian companies do not comprise entirely of non-resident directors. This provision has caused significant difficulties to companies, since it has been brought into force with immediate effect, requiring companies to restructure their boards immediately to ensure compliance with Companies Act 2013.
To know more about the Independent Directors, please check the link below;


What is important to keep checking that your company has Good Corporate Governance Practices?
-          Board Structure as given above
-          Disclosures and Reporting
o   Increased Disclosures and assertions in Director’s Report (Risk Management, Internal Control, Legal Compliance, CSR, etc.)
o   Compulsory Consolidation of Accounts, summary of JVs, Subsidiaries
o   Disclosures for Public Money lying unutilised
-          Risks, Control and Compliance
o   Implementation of Risk Policy
o   Systems to check all applicable laws being followed or not
To know more, contact us at CSnehaseth@gmail.com or call us at 9871903449



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